Through an integrated study of the Cenozoic magmatism and mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry and chronology of the deep-sourced xenoliths in China, a series of achievements have been made concerning this project.

(1) A viewpoint of intense thinning of North China lithosphere was proposed, and a multi-stage evolution model for the thinning process was set up. The lithospheric thinning below the craton was resulted from destruction of the lithospheric integrity due to collision between Triassic Yangtze plate and North China plate, and subsequent post-arc extension and mantle convection due to subduction of Oceanic plate. Here thermal chemical erosion is the major mechanism for lithospheric thinning.

(2) The Cenozoic basalts show distinctive evolutionary features between the east and west of the North China plate, and the lithospheric thinning is characterized by early occurrence in the east and late occurrence in the west. As a result, a dynamic mechanism for lithospheric extension under the background of multiple plate interactions (Oceanic plate subduction and collision between Indian plate and Eurasian plate) and a model for prediction of lithospheric composition and structure between the east and west of North China plate were suggested;

(3) The mechanism for polybaric melting of mantle was identified from the aspect of xenoliths, and the Cenozoic geothermal gradient in East China was set up, which provides evidence for Cenozoic mantle upwelling in East China;

(4) Mantle metasomatism for clinopyroxene and olivine formation reaction was defined, the relationship between apparent metasomatism and hidden metasomatism was explored, and trace element geochemical simulation was performed for the pore flow for reaction at the boundary between lithosphere and asthenosphere, and this proves to be the first such attempt in the international academic community. As a result, a genetic model for harzburgite resulted from lithospheric infiltration and metasomatism by deep-sourced melt or fluid was proposed;

(5) The structure and the relationship between equilibrium temperature and chemical composition of peridotite xenoliths were studied in detail, and petrological evidences were found in support of existence of a mantle ductile shear zone.